Create Powerful Images with Photoshop CS4

Adobe® Photoshop® CS4 software provides improved access to its unrivaled power through a more intuitive user experience, greater editing freedom, and significant productivity enhancements.

Did you know…

Images can be adjusted in half the time
Making several adjustments in Photoshop CS4 using the new Adjustments panel is more than twice as fast than using Adjustment Layers in previous versions to achieve the same results.


Enjoy smoother rotation, panning, and zooming
Simply click and drag to turn your canvas for distortion-free viewing at any angle. Gracefully navigate to any area of an image with ultra-smooth zooming and panning. Photoshop CS4 leverages newer computer processors for dramatic boosts in performance.

Bypass cropping and retouching with intelligent Content-Aware Scaling
Use revolutionary Content-Aware Scaling to automatically recompose an image as you resize it, smartly preserving vital areas as the image adapts to different aspect ratios. Get the perfect image in one step without time-intensive cropping and retouching.

Composite images in seconds for panoramas or extended-focus photos
Automatically stitch horizontal or vertical photos to create seamless panoramas using Photomerge® technology. Combine a series of shots with different focal points into a single color-corrected image with automatic correction for vignettes and lens distortion.

Easily apply localized changes to camera raw images

Make localized changes — even gradient-based adjustments — to camera raw images with ease. Simply paint the area to be affected, and then use sliders to control the change. Corrections are nondestructive, so your original files are maintained in their pristine state.

Find, preview, and manage images with greater efficiency

Discover faster performance and enhanced navigation tools in Adobe Bridge CS4. Operations from startup to handing off of images to Photoshop are faster, and convenient new workspace buttons let you instantly jump to the right display for every task.

There's a solution for pro photographers

Streamlined Photoshop CS4 integration
Enjoy tight integration with Adobe Photoshop software for streamlined use of Smart Objects, panorama stitching, high dynamic range (HDR) functionality, multiple layer workflow, and more. See your edits automatically updated in Lightroom.


Retrace your editing steps
Track the changes you make to a photo in the History panel, which automatically enters easy-to-understand text as you edit. Add set points in the panel at any time so you can instantly return to those versions of the photo.

Automatically apply metadata stamps
Easily apply your preferred metadata settings to photos as you import them.

Easily group photos
Store any number of related photos as a collection by simply giving the group a name or specifying criteria that will automatically include a new photo. Recall your collections with a single click and modify them at any time.


Automatically rename files
Quickly set up naming rules, and then apply them to individual photos or groups. Even apply naming rules automatically on import.

Choose the appropriate view
Quickly browse groups of photos in Grid view. Switch to Compare or Survey view to easily and intuitively narrow down a series of photos to just the one you need. Or use Loupe view to zoom in on the finest detail of any single photo.

Organize effortlessly
Find your photos quickly with powerful yet flexible sorting, selecting, and organizing tools. Automatically import, rename, and sort your entire shoot.


Use suggested keywords
Organize your photos the way that makes sense to you. Just type keywords and apply them to individual or multiple photos. Lightroom can automatically suggest keywords based on previous keyword associations.

Photoshop supports the DNG raw format

The public, archival format for digital camera raw data

Raw file formats are becoming extremely popular in digital photography workflows because they offer creative professionals greater creative control. However, cameras can use many different raw formats — the specifications for which are not publicly available — which means that not every raw file can be read by a variety of software applications. As a result, the use of these proprietary raw files as a long-term archival solution carries risk, and sharing these files across complex workflows is even more challenging.

The solution to this growing problem? The Digital Negative (DNG), a publicly available archival format for the raw files generated by digital cameras. By addressing the lack of an open standard for the raw files created by individual camera models, DNG helps ensure that photographers will be able to access their files in the future.

Within a year of its introduction, several dozen software manufacturers such as Extensis, Canto, Apple, and iView have developed support for DNG. And respected camera manufacturers such as Hasselblad, Leica, Casio, Ricoh, and Samsung have introduced cameras that provide direct DNG support.

The Digital Negative (DNG) was introduced by Adobe in 2004 to help address the lack of a universal format for the raw files generated by digital cameras. As the popularity of the raw workflow has grown, there has been an increasing concern on the part of photographers that they may not have access to their files in the future. Get more information about DNG.

In the last year alone, DNG has gained support from both hardware and software manufacturers alike. Camera manufacturers adopting DNG benefit by knowing their files will be supported by existing software so that customers do not have to wait for software updates. Software vendors supporting DNG benefit by not having to spend valuable resources developing support for the rapidly growing number of raw formats.

In addition to the Digital Negative specification, Adobe provides the free Adobe DNG Converter (Windows® | Mac OS), which easily translates raw files from many of today's popular cameras. Software developers and manufacturers can download the complete DNG Specification (PDF, 852K). DNG is supported by Adobe® Photoshop® CS4, Photoshop CS3, Photoshop CS2, Photoshop CS, Photoshop Elements 7.0, Photoshop Elements 6.0, Photoshop Elements 4.0, and Photoshop Elements 3.0 software.

Key benefits
Key benefits for photographers:

==> The DNG format helps promote archival confidence, since digital-imaging software solutions will be able to open your raw files more easily in the future.
==> A single raw processing solution enables a more efficient workflow when handling raw files from multiple camera models and manufacturers.
==> A publicly documented and readily available specification can be easily adopted by camera manufacturers and updated to accommodate future technology changes.

Key benefits for hardware and software manufacturers:

==> DNG removes a potential barrier to new camera adoption, since raw files from new models will be immediately supported by Photoshop and other applications.
==> The DNG format allows for R&D savings by reducing the need to develop new formats and simplifying camera testing.
==> A common format allows for greater control over the quality of conversions by third-party applications.
==> The specification allows for the addition of private metadata to DNG files, enabling differentiation.

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Attrib Function in Windows Operating System

Displays, sets, or removes the read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes assigned to files or directories. Used without parameters, attrib displays attributes of all files in the current directory.
Syntax

attrib [{+r|-r}] [{+a|-a}] [{+s|-s}] [{+h|-h}] [[Drive:][Path] FileName] [/s[/d]]
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Parameters


+r : Sets the read-only file attribute.

-r : Clears the read-only file attribute.

+a : Sets the archive file attribute.

-a : Clears the archive file attribute.

+s : Sets the system file attribute.

-s : Clears the system file attribute.

+h : Sets the hidden file attribute.

-h : Clears the hidden file attribute.

[ Drive : ][ Path ] FileName : Specifies the location and name of the directory, file, or set of files for which you want to display or change attributes. You can use wildcard characters (that is, ? and *) in the FileName parameter to display or change the attributes for a group of files.

/s : Applies attrib and any command-line options to matching files in the current directory and all of its subdirectories.

/d : Applies attrib and any command-line options to directories.

/? : Displays help at the command prompt.

Remarks

* Working with groups of files

You can use wildcard characters (that is, ? and *) with the FileName parameter to display or change the attributes for a group of files. If a file has the system or hidden attribute set, you must clear these attributes before you can change any other attributes for that file.

* Using the archive attribute

The archive attribute (that is, +a) marks files that have changed since the last time they were backed up. The xcopy command uses archive attributes. For more information about archive attributes and xcopy, see Related Topics.

* The attrib command, with different parameters, is available from the Recovery Console.


Examples

To display the attributes of a file named News86 located on the current drive, type:

attrib news86

To assign the read-only attribute to the file named Report.txt, type:

attrib +r report.txt

To remove the read-only attribute from files in the \Public\Jones directory on a disk in drive B and from files in any subdirectories of \Public\Jones, type:

attrib -r b:\public\jones\*.* /s

Consider a scenario where you want to give an associate a disk containing all files in the default directory on a disk in drive A, except files with the .bak extension. Because you can use xcopy to copy only those files marked with the archive attribute, you need to set the archive attribute for those files you want to copy. First, you need to set the archive attribute for all files on drive A. Second, you need to clear the archive attribute for those files with the .bak extension. For example, type:

attrib +a a:*.* attrib -a a:*.bak

Next, use xcopy to copy the files from the disk in drive A to the disk in drive B. The /a command-line option in the following command causes xcopy to copy only those files marked with the archive attribute. For example, type:

xcopy a: b: /a

If you want xcopy to clear each file's archive attribute after it copies the files, use the /m command-line option instead of /a. For example, type:

xcopy a: b: /m


Format and Meaning

=> Italic : Information that the user must supply
=> Bold : Elements that the user must type exactly as shown
=> Ellipsis (...) : Parameter that can be repeated several times in a command line
=> Between brackets ([]) : Optional items
=> Between braces ({}); choices separated by pipe (|) : Set of choices from which the user must choose only one
Example: {even|odd}
=> Courier font : Code or program output

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Files System Functions in Windows

a006.exe

Description :
a006*.exe is a process belonging to the Claria advertising program by Claria Corporation. This process monitors your browsing habits and distributes the data back to the author's servers for analysis.\r This also prompts advertising popups.\r This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r


Recommendation :
Disable and Remove a006.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely an adware or spyware. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

a2sys.exe

Description :
N/A

Recommendation :
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..

host.exe

Description :
host.exe is a process belonging to the Begin2Search advertising program.\r This process monitors your browsing habits and distributes the data back to the author's servers for analysis.\r This also prompts advertising popups.\r This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove host.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely an adware or spyware. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

boot.exe

Description :
boot.exe is added by the ELEM virus. This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r If found on your system make sure that you have downloaded the latest update for your antivirus application.\r

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove boot.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely a virus or trojan. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

userinit.exe

Description :
userinit.exe is a key process in the Windows operating system. On boot-up it manages the different start up sequences needed, such as establishing network connection and starting up the Windows shell. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.\r

Recommendation :
userinit.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

airgcfg.exe

Description :
airgcfg.exe is a process associated with Airplus Wireless Router driver from D-Link.\r This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.\r

Recommendation :
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..

alg.exe
Application Layer Gateway Service

Description :
The alg.exe executable allows applications (such as IM clients, RTSP, BitTorrent, SIP, and FTP) from a client computer to dynamically utilize passive TCP/ UDP ports in communicating with known ports on a server. This allows software to access applications that reside on another computer even if there is a firewall.

The alg.exe file’s absence would cause the security protocols to block communication ports, or for network administrators to consciously open numerous ports on the firewall that would create immense network vulnerability and potential threats.

The development of alg.exe was done within the context of computer networking architectures, where it is associated with the Application Level (or Layer) Gateway Service, as well as Network Address Translation, and is designed to supplement the firewall protection of a network.

Recommendation :
alg.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

avgnt.exe
Antivirus System Tray Tool

Description :
avgnt.exe is a process belonging to Avira Internet Security Suite which protects your computer against Internet-bound threats such as spyware and trojans which can be distributed through e-mail or attack directly to the computer allowing unauthorized access to your computer.\r This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.\r

Recommendation :
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..

avguard.exe
Antivirus On-Access Service

Description :
avguard.exe is a process belonging to Avira Internet Security Suite which protects your computer against Internet-bound threats such as spyware and trojans which can be distributed through e-mail or attack directly to the computer allowing unauthorized access to your computer.\r This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.\r

Recommendation :
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..

csrss.exe
Microsoft Client/Server Runtime Server Subsystem

Description :
The Microsoft Client Server Runtime Server subsystem utilizes the process csrss.exe for managing the majority of the graphical instruction sets under the Microsoft Windows operating system. As such Csrss.exe provides the critical functions of the operating system, and its termination can result in the Blue Screen of Death being displayed.

Csrss.exe controls threading and Win32 console window features. Threading is where the application splits itself into multiple simultaneous running tasks. Threads supported by csrss.exe are different from processes in that threads are commonly contained within the process, with various threads sharing resources within the same process. The Win32 console is the plain text window in the Windows API system (programs can use the console without the need for image display).

In mobile devices such as notebooks and laptops, the process csrss.exe is closely dependent on power management schemes implemented by the system as defined under the Control Panel option.

Recommendation :
csrss.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

ctfmon.exe
Alternative User Input Services

Description :
ctfmon.exe is a process belonging to Microsoft Office Suite.\r It activates the Alternative User Input Text Input Processor (TIP) and the Microsoft Office XP Language Bar. "This program is a non-essential system process, but should not be terminated unless suspected to be causing problems.\r"

Recommendation :
ctfmon.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

explorer.exe
Microsoft Windows Explorer

Description :
The explorer.exe file is an executable file for Windows Explorer. In the Microsoft Windows operating system, the explorer.exe file runs and has a graphical user interface that you can see when you are opening hard drives or files. Sometimes, the graphical user interface of the explorer.exe file is referred to as Windows GUI shell or Explorer.

The explorer.exe file was created to replace the Windows 3.x File Manager, which is the older version of the application embedded on previous versions of the MS Windows environment. The explorer.exe file is executed when the user double-clicks on the My Computer desktop icon and the one found in the Start menu. The explorer.exe file was initially used only to navigate or browse files, but as newer versions of Windows were released, it evolved to being a file management system that is task-based.

Recommendation :
explorer.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

jusched.exe
Sun Java Update Scheduler

Description :
jusched.exe is a process installed alongside Sun Microsystem's Java suite and checks for Java updates which involves usage of the Internet. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer's Internet browsing and Java usage and should not be terminated.

Recommendation :
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..

isass.exe
Optix.Pro virus

Description :
isass.exe is registered as the Optix.Pro virus which carries in it's payload, the ability to disable firewalls and local security protections, and a backdoor capability.

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove isass.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely a virus or trojan. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

mdm.exe
Machine Debug Manager

Description :
mdm.exe is associated with Microsoft Windows process debugging system. It allows the user to debug Internet Explorer errors by using a script interface tool. This is a non-essential process.\r Disabling or enabling it is down to user preference.\r

Recommendation :
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..

mdm.exe
Virus

Description :
mdm.exe is a process which is registered as a Virus. This Virus allows attackers to access your computer from remote locations, stealing passwords, Internet banking and personal data. This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove mdm.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely a virus or trojan. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

msmsgs.exe
MSN Messenger

Description :
msmsgs.exe is the main process relating to the MSN Messenger Internet chat tool installed by default on most Windows computers. A tray bar is also installed alongside this process for easy access to its features which include Internet chat, file sharing and audio/video conferencing. This is a non-essential process.\r Disabling or enabling it is down to user preference.\r

Recommendation :
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..

msmsgs.exe
W32.Alcarys.B@mm

Description :
msmsgs.exe is a process which belongs to the W32.Alcarys.B@mm virus. If found on your system make sure that you have downloaded the latest update for your antivirus application.\r This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r

Recommendation :
Not a critical component, but see the information above before disabling it. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings..

services.exe
Windows Service Controller

Description :
services.exe is a part of the Microsoft Windows Operating System and manages the operation of starting and stopping services. This process also deals with the automatic starting of services during the computers boot-up and the stopping of services during shut-down. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.\r

Recommendation :
services.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

services.exe
Trojan.W32.Sober

Description :
services.exe is a process which is registered as a trojan.\r "This Trojan allows attackers to access your computer from remote locations, stealing passwords, Internet banking and personal data.\r" This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove services.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely a virus or trojan. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

services.exe
Trojan.W32.Sober & Trojan.W32.Secefa

Description :
services.exe is a process which is registered as a trojan.\r "This Trojan allows attackers to access your computer from remote locations, stealing passwords, Internet banking and personal data.\r" This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove services.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely a virus or trojan. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

services.exe
Trojan.W32.Rontokbr

Description :
services.exe is a process which is registered as a trojan.\r "This Trojan allows attackers to access your computer from remote locations, stealing passwords, Internet banking and personal data.\r" This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove services.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely a virus or trojan. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

smss.exe
Session Manager Subsystem

Description :
smss.exe is a process which is a part of the Microsoft Windows Operating System. It is called the Session Manager Subsystem and is responsible for handling sessions on your system. This program is important for the stable and secure running of your computer and should not be terminated.\r

Recommendation :
smss.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

smss.exe
trojan.w32.Sober

Description :
smss.exe is a process which is registered as a trojan.\r "This Trojan allows attackers to access your computer from remote locations, stealing passwords, Internet banking and personal data.\r" This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove smss.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely a virus or trojan. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

smss.exe
Trojan.W32.VIRKEL

Description :
smss.exe is a process which is registered as a trojan.\r "This Trojan allows attackers to access your computer from remote locations, stealing passwords, Internet banking and personal data.\r" This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove smss.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely a virus or trojan. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

smss.exe
Trojan.W32.Rontokbr

Description :
smss.exe is a process which is registered as a trojan.\r "This Trojan allows attackers to access your computer from remote locations, stealing passwords, Internet banking and personal data.\r" This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove smss.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely a virus or trojan. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

smss.exe
trojan.w32.Sufiage

Description :
smss.exe is a process which is registered as a trojan.\r "This Trojan allows attackers to access your computer from remote locations, stealing passwords, Internet banking and personal data.\r" This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove smss.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely a virus or trojan. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

smss.exe
Trojan.W32.LootSeek

Description :
smss.exe is a process which is registered as a trojan.\r "This Trojan allows attackers to access your computer from remote locations, stealing passwords, Internet banking and personal data.\r" This process is a security risk and should be removed from your system.\r

Recommendation :
Disable and Remove smss.exe IMMEDIATELY. This process is most likely a virus or trojan. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

svchost.exe
Microsoft Service Host Process

Description :
The file svchost.exe is the Generic Host Process for Win32 Services used for administering 16-bit-based dynamically linked library files (DLL files) including other supplementary support applications.

As operating systems became more complex Microsoft decided to run more software functionality from a dynamic link library (DLL) interface. However DLLs are unable to launch themselves and require at least one executable program, i.e. svchost.exe, is needed to bridge between the library process and the operating system.

Through the solitary file svchost.exe, the DLLs efficiently contain and dispense Win32 services as well as neatly facilitate the execution of svchost.exe’s own operations. Acting as a host, the file svchost.exe creates multiple instances of itself. The multiple executions of the file svchost.exe contribute to the stability and security of the operating system by reducing the possibility of a crashing process that causes a domino effect on its neighbor processes, thereby creating a system-wide crash in the machine.

Recommendation :
svchost.exe should not be disabled, required for essential applications to work properly.. It is highly recommended to Run a Free Performance Scan to automatically optimize memory, CPU and Internet Settings.

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